《新编语言学教程》1
1.
Define the following terms briefly.
(1)
linguistics
语言学
: the
scientific
or
systematic
study of
language.
(2)
language
语言
: a system of
arbitrary vocal
任意的声音
symbols used for human communication.
用于人类交流的任意声音
符号系统
(3)
arbitrariness
任意性
: the
absence
of
similarity
between
the form of a
linguistic sign
and what it relates to in
reality,
语言符号的形式与现实的关系缺乏相似性
e.g. the word
dog does not look like a dog.
(4)
duality
双重性
:
the way meaningless elements of
language
at one
level
(sounds and letters) combine to form
meaningful units (words) at another level.
在一个层面上
(语
言和字母)的无意义的语言元素结合在另一个层次上形
成有意义的单位(词)
(5)
competence
语言能力
:
knowledge of
the grammar of a
language as a
formal abstraction and distinct from the
behavior of actual language use
作为一种形式抽象的语言
的语法知识,区别于实际语言使用的行为
, i.e.